So patients should not take alcohol or drugs containing alcohol while taking the medicine.

Taking alcohol with codeine may produce dangerous side effects. Long term therapy is not suitable because of tolerance and dependence. Using codeine during the pregnancy produces life-threatening effects on the unborn baby. Nursing mothers should not take codeine or should discontinue breast-feeding while taking codeine. More common side effects of codeine are drowsiness and dizziness. Kidneys excrete codeine and its metabolites as conjugated substances with glucuronic acid. Toxicity of it leads severe adverse effects. Morphine is a potent metabolite of codeine. UGT2B7 conjugate codeine, norcodeine and morphine to produce 3- and 6- glucuronides. Norcodeine is another metabolite of codeine. The enzyme CYP2D6 catalyzes hepatic conversion of codeine to morphine. Codeine is a mild to moderate pain reliever and a cough suppressant. Chemical name of codeine is (5О±,6О± )-7,8-dihydro-4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl m or -6-ol. However, it is synthesized in bulk from morphine through the process of o-methylation. Pierre Robiquet first discovered codeine in 1832. So there is a belief that grapefruit juice interferes with hydrocodone metabolism but there are not proved studies. There are CYP3A4 inhibitors in grapefruit juice. Taking alcoholic beverages with hydrocodone is not recommended due to additive central nervous system depression. Patients should take advices from doctors and pharmacists if they have undergone a surgery. Those drugs are other opioid drugs, alcohol, antihistamines, antipsychotics, antianxiety agents and over the counter products. It may lead excessive central nervous system depression. There are some drug substances which should not be taken with hydrocodone. Tolerance and dependence are common with opioid analgesics such as hydrocodone. Taking hydrocodone during the first trimester of pregnancy may produce several harmful defects on the unborn baby. The common adverse effects of hydrocodone are nausea, vomiting, constipation, drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, fuzzy thinking, anxiety, itching and narrowing pupils. Cytochrome p 450 enzymeCYP2D6 is responsible for converting hydrocodone to hydromorphone that is a more potent metabolite. CYP3A4 catalyzed oxidation is the pathway to form a major metabolite called norhydrocodone. Hydrocodone is metabolized in the liver after oral administration. Less than 50% of hydrocodone is bound to plasma protein. Hydrocodone produces its action on binding with opioid receptors in the central nervous system. Action duration of it is about 4-6 hours. Onset of action of hydrocodone is about 10-30 minutes. According to the chemical structure, it is named as 4, 5О±-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl morphinan-6-one. It acts as a cough suppressant in combination with acetaminophen or ibuprofen. It is available only as a combined product. What is Hydrocodone?Д¬arl Mannich and Helene LГ–wenhein are two fathers of hydrocodone because they synthesized hydrocodone first in Germany in 1920.

However, there are some differences between codeine and hydrocodone when considering the ingredients and synthetic methods. Both drugs are approximately same because both belong to same drug class and derived from the same plant. Both hydrocodone and codeine are opioid analgesics. Opioids bind to those opioid receptors to produce its pharmacological activity. There are opioid receptors in our central andВ peripheral nervous systems and in the gastrointestinal tract. Usually, long-term use of opioid analgesics is not recommended because of its common adverse effects, dependence and tolerance. Opioid analgesics are pain killers used for mild to severe pains. The major extraction of opium poppy is opium that is used in drug manufacturing. Opium poppy is a world famous beautiful flower which is purposely cultivated for manufacturing of drugs and liquor. As both, hydrocodone and codeine, are being narcotic analgesics, it is us eful to know the difference between codeine and hydrocodone.

Acetaminophen-cod 3 vs hydrocodone